RHCSA and RHCE Chapter 16 - Samba
Samba
From the Deployment Guide:
Samba is an open source implementation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. It allows the networking of Microsoft Windows, Linux, UNIX, and other operating systems together, enabling access to Windows-based file and printer shares. Samba’s use of SMB allows it to appear as a Windows server to Windows clients.
Samba Features
From the same guide:
Samba is a powerful and versatile server application. Even seasoned system administrators must know its abilities and limitations before attempting installation and configuration.
What Samba can do:
- Serve directory trees and printers to Linux, UNIX, and Windows clients
- Assist in network browsing (with or without NetBIOS)
- Authenticate Windows domain logins
- Provide Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) name server resolution
- Act as a Windows NT-style Primary Domain Controller (PDC)
- Act as a Backup Domain Controller (BDC) for a Samba-based PDC
- Act as an Active Directory domain member server
- Join a Windows NT/2000/2003/2008 PDC
What Samba cannot do:
- Act as a BDC for a Windows PDC (and vice versa)
- Act as an Active Directory domain controller
Samba Daemons
From the above guide:
Samba is comprised of three daemons (smbd, nmbd, and winbindd). Three services (smb, nmb, and winbind) control how the daemons are started, stopped, and other service-related features. These services act as different init scripts. Each daemon is listed in detail below, as well as which specific service has control over it.
- smbd - The smbd server daemon provides file sharing and printing services to Windows clients. In addition, it is responsible for user authentication, resource locking, and data sharing through the SMB protocol. The default ports on which the server listens for SMB traffic are TCP ports 139 and 445. The smbd daemon is controlled by the smb service.
- nmbd - The nmbd server daemon understands and replies to NetBIOS name service requests such as those produced by SMB/Common Internet File System (CIFS) in Windows-based systems. These systems include Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and LanManager clients. It also participates in the browsing protocols that make up the Windows Network Neighborhood view. The default port that the server listens to for NMB traffic is UDP port 137. The nmbd daemon is controlled by the nmb service.
- winbindd - The winbind service resolves user and group information on a server running Windows NT, 2000, 2003 or Windows Server 2008. This makes Windows user / group information understandable by UNIX platforms. This is achieved by using Microsoft RPC calls, Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), and the Name Service Switch (NSS). This allows Windows NT domain users to appear and operate as UNIX users on a UNIX machine. Though bundled with the Samba distribution, the winbind service is controlled separately from the smb service. The winbindd daemon is controlled by the winbind service and does not require the smb service to be started in order to operate. winbindd is also used when Samba is an Active Directory member, and may also be used on a Samba domain controller (to implement nested groups and/or interdomain trust).
Configuring a Samba Server
From the deployment Guide:
The default configuration file (/etc/samba/smb.conf) allows users to view their home directories as a Samba share. It also shares all printers configured for the system as Samba shared printers. In other words, you can attach a printer to the system and print to it from the Windows machines on your network.
Samba uses /etc/samba/smb.conf as its configuration file. If you change this configuration file, the changes do not take effect until you restart the Samba daemon with the following command, as root:
~]# service smb restartTo specify the Windows workgroup and a brief description of the Samba server, edit the following lines in your /etc/samba/smb.conf file:
workgroup = WORKGROUPNAME server string = BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVERReplace WORKGROUPNAME with the name of the Windows workgroup to which this machine should belong. The BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER is optional and is used as the Windows comment about the Samba system.
To create a Samba share directory on your Linux system, add the following section to your /etc/samba/smb.conf file (after modifying it to reflect your needs and your system):
[sharename] comment = Insert a comment here path = /home/share/ valid users = tfox carole public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765The above example allows the users tfox and carole to read and write to the directory /home/share, on the Samba server, from a Samba client.
Samba Server Types
From the same guide:
Samba configuration is straightforward. All modifications to Samba are done in the /etc/samba/smb.conf configuration file. Although the default smb.conf file is well documented, it does not address complex topics such as LDAP, Active Directory, and the numerous domain controller implementations.
Samba Stand-alone Server
From the above guide:
A stand-alone server can be a workgroup server or a member of a workgroup environment. A stand-alone server is not a domain controller and does not participate in a domain in any way. The following examples include several anonymous share-level security configurations and one user-level security configuration
Anonymous Read-Only The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read-only file sharing. The security = share parameter makes a share anonymous. Note, security levels for a single Samba server cannot be mixed. The security directive is a global Samba parameter located in the [global] configuration section of the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
[global] workgroup = DOCS netbios name = DOCS_SRV security = share [data] comment = Documentation Samba Server path = /export read only = Yes guest only = YesAnonymous Read/Write The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read/write file sharing. To enable anonymous read/write file sharing, set the read only directive to no. The force user and force group directives are also added to enforce the ownership of any newly placed files specified in the share.
[global] workgroup = DOCS netbios name = DOCS_SRV security = share [data] comment = Data path = /export force user = docsbot force group = users read only = No guest ok = YesAnonymous Print Server The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an anonymous print server. Setting browseable to no as shown does not list the printer in Windows Network Neighborhood. Although hidden from browsing, configuring the printer explicitly is possible. By connecting to DOCS_SRV using NetBIOS, the client can have access to the printer if the client is also part of the DOCS workgroup. It is also assumed that the client has the correct local printer driver installed, as the use client driver directive is set to Yes. In this case, the Samba server has no responsibility for sharing printer drivers to the client.
[global] workgroup = DOCS netbios name = DOCS_SRV security = share printcap name = cups disable spools= Yes show add printer wizard = No printing = cups [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba guest ok = Yes printable = Yes use client driver = Yes browseable = Yes
Samba as a Domain Member Server
From the Deployment Guide:
A domain member, while similar to a stand-alone server, is logged into a domain controller (either Windows or Samba) and is subject to the domain’s security rules. An example of a domain member server would be a departmental server running Samba that has a machine account on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All of the department’s clients still authenticate with the PDC, and desktop profiles and all network policy files are included. The difference is that the departmental server has the ability to control printer and network shares.
Active Directory Domain Member Server The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an Active Directory domain member server. In this example, Samba authenticates users for services being run locally but is also a client of the Active Directory. Ensure that your kerberos realm parameter is shown in all caps (for example realm = EXAMPLE.COM). Since Windows 2000/2003/2008 requires Kerberos for Active Directory authentication, the realm directive is required. If Active Directory and Kerberos are running on different servers, the password server directive may be required to help the distinction.
[global] realm = EXAMPLE.COM security = ADS encrypt passwords = yes # Optional. Use only if Samba cannot determine the Kerberos server automatically. password server = kerberos.example.comIn order to join a member server to an Active Directory domain, the following steps must be completed:
- Configuration of the /etc/samba/smb.conf file on the member server
- Configuration of Kerberos, including the /etc/krb5.conf file, on the member server
- Creation of the machine account on the Active Directory domain server
- Association of the member server to the Active Directory domain
To create the machine account and join the Windows 2000/2003/2008 Active Directory, Kerberos must first be initialized for the member server wishing to join the Active Directory domain. To create an administrative Kerberos ticket, type the following command as root on the member server:
kinit administrator@EXAMPLE.COMThe kinit command is a Kerberos initialization script that references the Active Directory administrator account and Kerberos realm. Since Active Directory requires Kerberos tickets, kinit obtains and caches a Kerberos ticket-granting ticket for client/server authentication.
To join an Active Directory server (windows1.example.com), type the following command as root on the member server:
net ads join -S windows1.example.com -U administrator%passwordSince the machine windows1 was automatically found in the corresponding Kerberos realm (the kinit command succeeded), the net command connects to the Active Directory server using its required administrator account and password. This creates the appropriate machine account on the Active Directory and grants permissions to the Samba domain member server to join the domain.
Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a Windows NT4-based domain member server. Becoming a member server of an NT4-based domain is similar to connecting to an Active Directory. The main difference is NT4-based domains do not use Kerberos in their authentication method, making the /etc/samba/smb.conf file simpler. In this instance, the Samba member server functions as a pass through to the NT4-based domain server.
[global] workgroup = DOCS netbios name = DOCS_SRV security = domain [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S read only = No browseable = No [public] comment = Data path = /export force user = docsbot force group = users guest ok = YesHaving Samba as a domain member server can be useful in many situations. There are times where the Samba server can have other uses besides file and printer sharing. It may be beneficial to make Samba a domain member server in instances where Linux-only applications are required for use in the domain environment. Administrators appreciate keeping track of all machines in the domain, even if not Windows-based. In the event the Windows-based server hardware is deprecated, it is quite easy to modify the /etc/samba/smb.conf file to convert the server to a Samba-based PDC. If Windows NT-based servers are upgraded to Windows 2000/2003/2008, the /etc/samba/smb.conf file is easily modifiable to incorporate the infrastructure change to Active Directory if needed.
After configuring the /etc/samba/smb.conf file, join the domain before starting Samba by typing the following command as root:
net rpc join -U administrator%passwordNote that the -S option, which specifies the domain server hostname, does not need to be stated in the net rpc join command. Samba uses the hostname specified by the workgroup directive in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file instead of it being stated explicitly.
Samba as a Domain Controller
From the the deployment guide:
A domain controller in Windows NT is functionally similar to a Network Information Service (NIS) server in a Linux environment. Domain controllers and NIS servers both host user/group information databases as well as related services. Domain controllers are mainly used for security, including the authentication of users accessing domain resources. The service that maintains the user/group database integrity is called the Security Account Manager (SAM). The SAM database is stored differently between Windows and Linux Samba-based systems, therefore SAM replication cannot be achieved and platforms cannot be mixed in a PDC/BDC environment.
In a Samba environment, there can be only one PDC and zero or more BDCs.
Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam The simplest and most common implementation of a Samba PDC uses the new default tdbsam password database back end. Replacing the aging smbpasswd back end. The passdb backend directive controls which back end is to be used for the PDC.
The following /etc/samba/smb.conf file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a tdbsam password database back end.
[global] workgroup = DOCS netbios name = DOCS_SRV passdb backend = tdbsam security = user add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -m "%u" delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel -r "%u" add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g" delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g" add user to group script = /usr/sbin/usermod -G "%g" "%u" add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false -d /dev/null -g machines "%u" # The following specifies the default logon script # Per user logon scripts can be specified in the user # account using pdbedit logon script = logon.bat # This sets the default profile path. # Set per user paths with pdbedit logon drive = H: domain logons = Yes os level = 35 preferred master = Yes domain master = Yes [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S read only = No [netlogon] comment = Network Logon Service path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon/scripts browseable = No read only = No # For profiles to work, create a user directory under the # path shown. mkdir -p /var/lib/samba/profiles/john [Profiles] comment = Roaming Profile Share path = /var/lib/samba/profiles read only = No browseable = No guest ok = Yes profile acls = Yes # Other resource shares ... ...To provide a functional PDC system which uses the tdbsam follow these steps:
- Use a configuration of the smb.conf file as shown in the example above.
Add the root user to the Samba password database.
~]# smbpasswd -a root Provide the password here.Start the smb service.
Make sure all profile, user, and netlogon directories are created.
Add groups that users can be members of.
~]# groupadd -f users ~]# groupadd -f nobody ~]# groupadd -f ntadminsAssociate the UNIX groups with their respective Windows groups.
~]# net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users ~]# net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody ~]# net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=ntadminsGrant access rights to a user or a group. For example, to grant the right to add client machines to the domain on a Samba domain controller, to the members to the Domain Admins group, execute the following command:
~]# net rpc rights grant 'DOCS\Domain Admins' SetMachineAccountPrivilege -S PDC -U rootKeep in mind that Windows systems prefer to have a primary group which is mapped to a domain group such as Domain Users.
Windows groups and users use the same namespace thus not allowing the existence of a group and a user with the same name like in UNIX.
Samba Security Modes
From the same guide:
There are only two types of security modes for Samba, share-level and user-level, which are collectively known as security levels. Share-level security can only be implemented in one way, while user-level security can be implemented in one of four different ways. The different ways of implementing a security level are called security modes.
Samba User-Level Security
From the Deployment guide:
User-level security is the default setting for Samba. Even if the security = user directive is not listed in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file, it is used by Samba. If the server accepts the client’s username/password, the client can then mount multiple shares without specifying a password for each instance. Samba can also accept session-based username/password requests. The client maintains multiple authentication contexts by using a unique UID for each logon.
In the /etc/samba/smb.conf file, the security = user directive that sets user-level security is:
[GLOBAL] ... security = user ...Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security) In domain security mode, the Samba server has a machine account (domain security trust account) and causes all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. The Samba server is made into a domain member server by using the following directives in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file:
[GLOBAL] ... security = domain workgroup = MARKETING ...Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security) If you have an Active Directory environment, it is possible to join the domain as a native Active Directory member. Even if a security policy restricts the use of NT-compatible authentication protocols, the Samba server can join an ADS using Kerberos. Samba in Active Directory member mode can accept Kerberos tickets.
In the /etc/samba/smb.conf file, the following directives make Samba an Active Directory member server:
[GLOBAL] ... security = ADS realm = EXAMPLE.COM password server = kerberos.example.com ...Server Security Mode (User-Level Security) Server security mode was previously used when Samba was not capable of acting as a domain member server.
It is highly recommended to not use this mode since there are numerous security drawbacks.
In the /etc/samba/smb.conf, the following directives enable Samba to operate in server security mode:
[GLOBAL] ... encrypt passwords = Yes security = server password server = "NetBIOS_of_Domain_Controller" ...
Samba Share-Level Security
From the above guide:
With share-level security, the server accepts only a password without an explicit username from the client. The server expects a password for each share, independent of the username. There have been recent reports that Microsoft Windows clients have compatibility issues with share-level security servers. Samba developers strongly discourage use of share-level security.
In the /etc/samba/smb.conf file, the security = share directive that sets share-level security is:
[GLOBAL] ... security = share ...
Samba Account Information Databases
From the same guide:
The latest release of Samba offers many new features including new password database back ends not previously available. Samba version 3.0.0 fully supports all databases used in previous versions of Samba. However, although supported, many back ends may not be suitable for production use.
The following is a list different back ends you can use with Samba. Other back ends not listed here may also be available.
- Plain Text - Plain text back ends are nothing more than the /etc/passwd type back ends. With a plain text back end, all usernames and passwords are sent unencrypted between the client and the Samba server. This method is very insecure and is not recommended for use by any means. It is possible that different Windows clients connecting to the Samba server with plain text passwords cannot support such an authentication method.
- smbpasswd - A popular back end used in previous Samba packages, the smbpasswd back end utilizes a plain ASCII text layout that includes the MS Windows LanMan and NT account, and encrypted password information. The smbpasswd back end lacks the storage of the Windows NT/2000/2003 SAM extended controls. The smbpasswd back end is not recommended because it does not scale well or hold any Windows information, such as RIDs for NT-based groups. The tdbsam back end solves these issues for use in a smaller database (250 users), but is still not an enterprise-class solution.
- ldapsam_compat - The ldapsam_compat back end allows continued OpenLDAP support for use with upgraded versions of Samba. This option is normally used when migrating to Samba 3.0.
tdbsam - The new default tdbsam password back end provides an ideal database back end for local servers, servers that do not need built-in database replication, and servers that do not require the scalability or complexity of LDAP. The tdbsam back end includes all of the smbpasswd database information as well as the previously-excluded SAM information. The inclusion of the extended SAM data allows Samba to implement the same account and system access controls as seen with Windows NT/2000/2003/2008-based systems.
The tdbsam back end is recommended for 250 users at most. Larger organizations should require Active Directory or LDAP integration due to scalability and possible network infrastructure concerns.
ldapsam - The ldapsam back end provides an optimal distributed account installation method for Samba. LDAP is optimal because of its ability to replicate its database to any number of servers such as the Red Hat Directory Server or an OpenLDAP Server. LDAP databases are light-weight and scalable, and as such are preferred by large enterprises.
If you are upgrading from a previous version of Samba to 3.0, note that the OpenLDAP schema file (/usr/share/doc/samba-
/LDAP/samba.schema ) and the Red Hat Directory Server schema file (/usr/share/doc/samba-/LDAP/samba-schema-FDS.ldif ) have changed. These files contain the attribute syntax definitions and objectclass definitions that the ldapsam back end needs in order to function properly.As such, if you are using the ldapsam back end for your Samba server, you will need to configure slapd to include one of these schema file.
Stand-alone Samba Server Example
So let’s go ahead and setup our RH6 machine to be a stand-alone samba server. First let’s install the necessary package:
[root@rhel1 ~]# yum install samba
By default we have the following configuration:
[root@rhel1 ~]# grep -vE '^#|^;|^[^I]$|^[^I]#' /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
workgroup =MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server Version %v
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 50
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
load printers = yes
cups options = raw
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
guest ok = no
writable = no
printable = yes
We can also use testparm to list the configuration:
[root@rhel1 ~]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: rlimit_max (1024) below minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server Version %v
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 50
cups options = raw
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
read only = No
browseable = No
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = Yes
browseable = No
The default shares the home directories which is good. I renamed my workgroup and set the netbios name in the configuration. You can list all of the settings, by running testparm with a -v parameter:
[root@rhel1 ~]# testparm -v
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: rlimit_max (1024) below minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
[global]
dos charset = CP850
unix charset = UTF-8
display charset = LOCALE
workgroup = LOCAL
realm =
netbios name = RHEL1
netbios aliases =
netbios scope =
server string = Samba Server Version %v
interfaces =
bind interfaces only = No
security = USER
auth methods =
encrypt passwords = Yes
update encrypted = No
client schannel = Auto
server schannel = Auto
allow trusted domains = Yes
map to guest = Never
null passwords = No
obey pam restrictions = No
password server = *
smb passwd file = /var/lib/samba/private/smbpasswd
private dir = /var/lib/samba/private
passdb backend = tdbsam
algorithmic rid base = 1000
root directory =
guest account = nobody
enable privileges = Yes
pam password change = No
passwd program =
passwd chat = *new*password* %n\n *new*password* %n\n *changed*
passwd chat debug = No
passwd chat timeout = 2
check password script =
username map =
password level = 0
username level = 0
unix password sync = No
restrict anonymous = 0
lanman auth = No
ntlm auth = Yes
client NTLMv2 auth = No
client lanman auth = No
client plaintext auth = No
preload modules =
dedicated keytab file =
kerberos method = default
map untrusted to domain = No
log level = 0
syslog = 1
syslog only = No
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 50
debug timestamp = Yes
debug prefix timestamp = No
debug hires timestamp = Yes
debug pid = No
debug uid = No
debug class = No
enable core files = Yes
smb ports = 445 139
large readwrite = Yes
max protocol = NT1
min protocol = CORE
min receivefile size = 0
read raw = Yes
write raw = Yes
disable netbios = No
reset on zero vc = No
acl compatibility = auto
defer sharing violations = Yes
nt pipe support = Yes
nt status support = Yes
announce version = 4.9
announce as = NT
max mux = 50
max xmit = 16644
name resolve order = lmhosts wins host bcast
max ttl = 259200
max wins ttl = 518400
min wins ttl = 21600
time server = No
unix extensions = Yes
use spnego = Yes
client signing = auto
server signing = No
client use spnego = Yes
client ldap sasl wrapping = plain
enable asu support = No
svcctl list =
deadtime = 0
getwd cache = Yes
keepalive = 300
lpq cache time = 30
max smbd processes = 0
paranoid server security = Yes
max disk size = 0
max open files = 16384
socket options = TCP_NODELAY
use mmap = Yes
hostname lookups = No
name cache timeout = 660
ctdbd socket =
cluster addresses =
clustering = No
ctdb timeout = 0
load printers = Yes
printcap cache time = 750
printcap name =
cups server =
cups encrypt = No
cups connection timeout = 30
iprint server =
disable spoolss = No
addport command =
enumports command =
addprinter command =
deleteprinter command =
show add printer wizard = Yes
os2 driver map =
mangling method = hash2
mangle prefix = 1
max stat cache size = 256
stat cache = Yes
machine password timeout = 604800
add user script =
rename user script =
delete user script =
add group script =
delete group script =
add user to group script =
delete user from group script =
set primary group script =
add machine script =
shutdown script =
abort shutdown script =
username map script =
logon script =
logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
logon drive =
logon home = \\%N\%U
domain logons = No
init logon delayed hosts =
init logon delay = 100
os level = 20
lm announce = Auto
lm interval = 60
preferred master = No
local master = Yes
domain master = Auto
browse list = Yes
enhanced browsing = Yes
dns proxy = Yes
wins proxy = No
wins server =
wins support = No
wins hook =
kernel oplocks = Yes
lock spin time = 200
oplock break wait time = 0
ldap admin dn =
ldap delete dn = No
ldap group suffix =
ldap idmap suffix =
ldap machine suffix =
ldap passwd sync = no
ldap replication sleep = 1000
ldap suffix =
ldap ssl = start tls
ldap ssl ads = No
ldap deref = auto
ldap follow referral = Auto
ldap timeout = 15
ldap connection timeout = 2
ldap page size = 1024
ldap user suffix =
ldap debug level = 0
ldap debug threshold = 10
eventlog list =
add share command =
change share command =
delete share command =
preload =
lock directory = /var/lib/samba
state directory = /var/lib/samba
cache directory = /var/lib/samba
pid directory = /var/run
utmp directory =
wtmp directory =
utmp = No
default service =
message command =
get quota command =
set quota command =
remote announce =
remote browse sync =
socket address = 0.0.0.0
nmbd bind explicit broadcast = Yes
homedir map = auto.home
afs username map =
afs token lifetime = 604800
log nt token command =
time offset = 0
NIS homedir = No
registry shares = No
usershare allow guests = No
usershare max shares = 0
usershare owner only = Yes
usershare path = /var/lib/samba/usershares
usershare prefix allow list =
usershare prefix deny list =
usershare template share =
panic action =
perfcount module =
host msdfs = Yes
passdb expand explicit = No
idmap backend = tdb
idmap alloc backend =
idmap cache time = 604800
idmap negative cache time = 120
idmap uid =
idmap gid =
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
template shell = /bin/false
winbind separator = \
winbind cache time = 300
winbind reconnect delay = 30
winbind max clients = 200
winbind enum users = No
winbind enum groups = No
winbind use default domain = No
winbind trusted domains only = No
winbind nested groups = Yes
winbind expand groups = 1
winbind nss info = template
winbind refresh tickets = No
winbind offline logon = No
winbind normalize names = No
winbind rpc only = No
create krb5 conf = Yes
comment =
path =
username =
invalid users =
valid users =
admin users =
read list =
write list =
printer admin =
force user =
force group =
read only = Yes
acl check permissions = Yes
acl group control = No
acl map full control = Yes
create mask = 0744
force create mode = 00
security mask = 0777
force security mode = 00
directory mask = 0755
force directory mode = 00
directory security mask = 0777
force directory security mode = 00
force unknown acl user = No
inherit permissions = No
inherit acls = No
inherit owner = No
guest only = No
administrative share = No
guest ok = No
only user = No
hosts allow =
hosts deny =
allocation roundup size = 1048576
aio read size = 0
aio write size = 0
aio write behind =
ea support = No
nt acl support = Yes
profile acls = No
map acl inherit = No
afs share = No
smb encrypt = auto
block size = 1024
change notify = Yes
directory name cache size = 100
kernel change notify = Yes
max connections = 0
min print space = 0
strict allocate = No
strict sync = No
sync always = No
use sendfile = No
write cache size = 0
max reported print jobs = 0
max print jobs = 1000
printable = No
printing = cups
cups options = raw
print command =
lpq command = %p
lprm command =
lppause command =
lpresume command =
queuepause command =
queueresume command =
printer name =
use client driver = No
default devmode = Yes
force printername = No
printjob username = %U
default case = lower
case sensitive = Auto
preserve case = Yes
short preserve case = Yes
mangling char = ~
hide dot files = Yes
hide special files = No
hide unreadable = No
hide unwriteable files = No
delete veto files = No
veto files =
hide files =
veto oplock files =
map archive = Yes
map hidden = No
map system = No
map readonly = yes
mangled names = Yes
store dos attributes = No
dmapi support = No
browseable = Yes
access based share enum = No
blocking locks = Yes
csc policy = manual
fake oplocks = No
locking = Yes
oplocks = Yes
level2 oplocks = Yes
oplock contention limit = 2
posix locking = Yes
strict locking = Auto
share modes = Yes
dfree cache time = 0
dfree command =
copy =
preexec =
preexec close = No
postexec =
root preexec =
root preexec close = No
root postexec =
available = Yes
volume =
fstype = NTFS
set directory = No
wide links = No
follow symlinks = Yes
dont descend =
magic script =
magic output =
delete readonly = No
dos filemode = No
dos filetimes = Yes
dos filetime resolution = No
fake directory create times = No
vfs objects =
msdfs root = No
msdfs proxy =
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
read only = No
browseable = No
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = Yes
browseable = No
Now let’s set a password for my user1 user:
[root@rhel1 ~]# smbpasswd -a user1
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
tdbsam_open: Converting version 0.0 database to version 4.0.
tdbsam_convert_backup: updated /var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb file.
Added user user1.
We can see that it also converted the tdbsam password file to a new version. To make sure the user was created we can run the following:
[root@rhel1 ~]# pdbedit -w -L
user1:500:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:79D209888F8C2A6373082EA5E12BD307:[U ]:LCT-5337085C:
If you want more information, you can run the following:
[root@rhel1 ~]# pdbedit -Lv
---------------
Unix username: user1
NT username:
Account Flags: [U ]
User SID: S-1-5-21-1403670307-859170049-293030116-1000
Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1403670307-859170049-293030116-513
Full Name:
Home Directory: \\rhel1\user1
HomeDir Drive:
Logon Script:
Profile Path: \\rhel1\user1\profile
Domain: RHEL1
Account desc:
Workstations:
Munged dial:
Logon time: 0
Logoff time: never
Kickoff time: never
Password last set: Sat, 29 Mar 2014 11:52:28 MDT
Password can change: Sat, 29 Mar 2014 11:52:28 MDT
Password must change: never
Last bad password : 0
Bad password count : 0
Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
At this point we can start the service.
Samba Service
From the deployment guide:
To start a Samba server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as root:
~]# service smb startTo set up a domain member server, you must first join the domain or Active Directory using the net join command before starting the smb service.
To stop the server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as root:
~]# service smb stopThe restart option is a quick way of stopping and then starting Samba. This is the most reliable way to make configuration changes take effect after editing the configuration file for Samba. Note that the restart option starts the daemon even if it was not running originally.
To restart the server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as root:
~]# service smb restartThe condrestart (conditional restart) option only starts smb on the condition that it is currently running. This option is useful for scripts, because it does not start the daemon if it is not running.
When the /etc/samba/smb.conf file is changed, Samba automatically reloads it after a few minutes. Issuing a manual restart or reload is just as effective.
To conditionally restart the server, type the following command, as root:
~]# service smb condrestartA manual reload of the /etc/samba/smb.conf file can be useful in case of a failed automatic reload by the smb service. To ensure that the Samba server configuration file is reloaded without restarting the service, type the following command, as root:
~]# service smb reloadBy default, the smb service does not start automatically at boot time. To configure Samba to start at boot time, use an initscript utility, such as /sbin/chkconfig.
So let’s enable the service to start on boot and start the service:
[root@rhel1 ~]# chkconfig smb on
[root@rhel1 ~]# service smb start
Starting SMB services: smbd
[root@rhel1 ~]# service nmb start
Starting NMB services: nmbd
At this point you can make sure that user can see the appropriate shares:
[root@rhel1 ~]# net -l share -S rhel1 -U user1
Enter user1's password:
Enumerating shared resources (exports) on remote server:
Share name Type Description
---------- ---- -----------
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.5.6-86.el6)
user1 Disk Home Directories
We will need to open up the firewall as well so a client can mount his home directory over SMB. Here are the ports that I opened:
[root@rhel1 ~]# iptables -I INPUT 14 -m udp -p udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT
[root@rhel1 ~]# iptables -I INPUT 15 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 139 -j ACCEPT
[root@rhel1 ~]# iptables -I INPUT 16 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 445 -j ACCEPT
[root@rhel1 ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:
Now the server is ready to accept connections from clients.
Samba Programs
From the deployment guide:
findsmb
- The findsmb program is a Perl script which reports information about SMB-aware systems on a specific subnet. If no subnet is specified the local subnet is used. Items displayed include IP address, NetBIOS name, workgroup or domain name, operating system, and version. The following example shows the output of executing findsmb as any valid user on a system:
~]$ findsmb IP ADDR NETBIOS NAME WORKGROUP/OS/VERSION ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10.1.59.25 VERVE [MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.0-15] 10.1.59.26 STATION22 [MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.2-7.FC1] 10.1.56.45 TREK +[WORKGROUP] [Windows 5.0] [Windows 2000 LAN Manager] 10.1.57.94 PIXEL [MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.0-15] 10.1.57.137 MOBILE001 [WORKGROUP] [Windows 5.0] [Windows 2000 LAN Manager] 10.1.57.141 JAWS +[KWIKIMART] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix] 10.1.56.159 FRED +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.0-14.3E] 10.1.59.192 LEGION *[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7-security-rollup-fix] 10.1.56.205 NANCYN +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]**net
** - The **net** utility is similar to the **net** utility used for Windows and MS-DOS. The first argument is used to specify the protocol to use when executing a command. The ** ** option can be **ads**, **rap**, or **rpc** for specifying the type of server connection. Active Directory uses **ads**, Win9x/NT3 uses **rap**, and Windows NT4/2000/2003/2008 uses **rpc**. If the protocol is omitted, net automatically tries to determine it. The following example displays a list the available shares for a host named wakko:
~]$ net -l share -S wakko Password: Enumerating shared resources (exports) on remote server: Share name Type Description ---------- ---- ----------- data Disk Wakko data share tmp Disk Wakko tmp share IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server) ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server)The following example displays a list of Samba users for a host named wakko:
~]$ net -l user -S wakko root password: User name Comment ----------------------------- andriusb Documentation joe Marketing lisa Salesnmblookup
- The nmblookup program resolves NetBIOS names into IP addresses. The program broadcasts its query on the local subnet until the target machine replies. The following example displays the IP address of the NetBIOS name trek:
~]$ nmblookup trek querying trek on 10.1.59.255 10.1.56.45 trek<00>pdbedit
- The pdbedit program manages accounts located in the SAM database. All back ends are supported including smbpasswd, LDAP, and the tdb database library. The following are examples of adding, deleting, and listing users:
~]$ pdbedit -a kristin new password: retype new password: Unix username: kristin NT username: Account Flags: [U ] User SID: S-1-5-21-1210235352-3804200048-1474496110-2012 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1210235352-3804200048-1474496110-2077 Full Name: Home Directory: \\wakko\kristin HomeDir Drive: Logon Script: Profile Path: \\wakko\kristin\profile Domain: WAKKO Account desc: Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT Kickoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT Password last set: Thu, 29 Jan 2004 08:29:28 GMT Password can change: Thu, 29 Jan 2004 08:29:28 GMT Password must change: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT ~]$ pdbedit -v -L kristin Unix username: kristin NT username: Account Flags: [U ] User SID: S-1-5-21-1210235352-3804200048-1474496110-2012 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1210235352-3804200048-1474496110-2077 Full Name: Home Directory: \\wakko\kristin HomeDir Drive: Logon Script: Profile Path: \\wakko\kristin\profile Domain: WAKKO Account desc: Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT Kickoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT Password last set: Thu, 29 Jan 2004 08:29:28 GMT Password can change: Thu, 29 Jan 2004 08:29:28 GMT Password must change: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 22:14:07 GMT ~]$ pdbedit -L andriusb:505: joe:503: lisa:504: kristin:506: ~]$ pdbedit -x joe ~]$ pdbedit -L andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:rpcclient
- The rpcclient program issues administrative commands using Microsoft RPCs, which provide access to the Windows administration graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for systems management. This is most often used by advanced users that understand the full complexity of Microsoft RPCs. smbcacls <//server/share>
- The smbcacls program modifies Windows ACLs on files and directories shared by a Samba server or a Windows server. smbclient <//server/share>
- The smbclient program is a versatile UNIX client which provides functionality similar to ftp. smbcontrol -i
- The smbcontrol program sends control messages to running smbd, nmbd, or winbindd daemons. Executing smbcontrol -i runs commands interactively until a blank line or a ‘q’ is entered. smbpasswd
- The smbpasswd program manages encrypted passwords. This program can be run by a superuser to change any user’s password as well as by an ordinary user to change their own Samba password. smbspool
- The <br /> <copies> <options> <filename></filename></options></copies><br /> smbspool program is a CUPS-compatible printing interface to Samba. Although designed for use with CUPS printers, smbspool can work with non-CUPS printers as well.
- smbstatus
- The smbstatus program displays the status of current connections to a Samba server. - smbtar
- The smbtar program performs backup and restores of Windows-based share files and directories to a local tape archive. Though similar to the tar command, the two are not compatible. testparm
- The testparm program checks the syntax of the /etc/samba/smb.conf file. If your /etc/samba/smb.conf file is in the default location (/etc/samba/smb.conf) you do not need to specify the location. Specifying the hostname and IP address to the testparm program verifies that the hosts.allow and host.deny files are configured correctly. The testparm program also displays a summary of your /etc/samba/smb.conf file and the server’s role (stand-alone, domain, etc.) after testing. This is convenient when debugging as it excludes comments and concisely presents information for experienced administrators to read. <hostname IP_address\></hostname> For example:
~]$ testparm Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf Processing section "[homes]" Processing section "[printers]" Processing section "[tmp]" Processing section "[html]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions <enter> # Global parameters [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server security = SHARE log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log max log size = 50 socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 dns proxy = No [homes] comment = Home Directories read only = No browseable = No [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba printable = Yes browseable = No [tmp] comment = Wakko tmp path = /tmp guest only = Yes [html] comment = Wakko www path = /var/www/html force user = andriusb force group = users read only = No guest only = Yes- wbinfo
- The wbinfo program displays information from the winbindd daemon. The winbindd daemon must be running for wbinfo to work.
Connecting to Samba Server
From the deployment guide:
To query the network for Samba servers, use the findsmb command. For each server found, it displays its IP address, NetBIOS name, workgroup name, operating system, and SMB server version.
To connect to a Samba share from a shell prompt, type the following command:
~]$ smbclient //<hostname>/<sharename> -U <username>Replace
with the hostname or IP address of the Samba server you want to connect to, with the name of the shared directory you want to browse, and with the Samba username for the system. Enter the correct password or press Enter if no password is required for the user. If you see the smb:> prompt, you have successfully logged in. Once you are logged in, type help for a list of commands. If you wish to browse the contents of your home directory, replace sharename with your username. If the -U switch is not used, the username of the current user is passed to the Samba server.
To exit smbclient, type exit at the smb:> prompt.
Mounting a Samba Share
From the same guide:
Sometimes it is useful to mount a Samba share to a directory so that the files in the directory can be treated as if they are part of the local file system.
To mount a Samba share to a directory, create a directory to mount it to (if it does not already exist), and execute the following command as root:
~]# mount -t cifs //<servername>/<sharename> /mnt/point/ -o username=<username>,password=<password>This command mounts
from in the local directory /mnt/point/. The mount.cifs utility is a separate RPM (independent from Samba). In order to use mount.cifs, first ensure the cifs-utils package is installed on your system by running, as root:
~]# yum install cifs-utils
Connecting to a Samba Share with a Client
So let’s try to connect to the Samba share from RH5 to RH6. On the RH5 machine let’s install the client utilities:
[root@rhel2 ~]# yum install samba-client
Now let’s see if we can see our samba server from the client:
[root@rhel2 ~]# findsmb
*=DMB
+=LMB
IP ADDR NETBIOS NAME WORKGROUP/OS/VERSION
---------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.2.2 RHEL1 +[LOCAL] [Unix] [Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
To anonymously query the server run the following:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient -L RHEL1 -N
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[LOCAL] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.5.6-86.el6)
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[LOCAL] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
Server Comment
--------- -------
RHEL1 Samba Server Version 3.5.6-86.el6
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
LOCAL RHEL1
To query the server as a user, run the following:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient -L RHEL1 -U user1
Password:
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.5.6-86.el6)
user1 Disk Home Directories
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
LOCAL RHEL1
I used the password I set with the smbpasswd command when I created the user. But notice this time around I saw my home directory as a share. To connect with an ftp style client, run the following:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient //RHEL1/user1 -U user1
Password:
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
smb: \> ls
NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED listing *
34300 blocks of size 262144. 537 blocks available
smb: \> quit
As you see initially I ran into an acccess denied issue. This is due to SELinux, running the following fixed the issue:
[root@rhel1 ~]# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
then it worked fine:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient //RHEL1/user1 -U user1
Password:
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sat Mar 29 16:06:15 2014
.. D 0 Sat Feb 9 01:35:56 2013
.ssh DH 0 Sat Mar 8 09:16:28 2014
.Xauthority H 384 Sat Mar 8 12:05:56 2014
.dbus DH 0 Sat Mar 8 11:36:58 2014
.bash_logout H 18 Thu Jan 27 06:41:02 2011
.vnc DH 0 Sat Mar 8 12:10:32 2014
.bash_history H 1711 Sat Mar 29 16:08:12 2014
.bashrc H 124 Thu Jan 27 06:41:02 2011
l D 0 Sat Mar 29 16:06:15 2014
foo.txt 0 Fri Feb 8 07:24:20 2013
.bash_profile H 176 Thu Jan 27 06:41:02 2011
.xinitrc AH 1486 Sat Mar 8 11:30:02 2014
34300 blocks of size 262144. 537 blocks available
To make sure writes are working, upload a file:
smb: \> !ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog repo
smb: \> put install.log
putting file install.log as \install.log (1622.9 kb/s) (average 1622.9 kb/s)
On the server side you can check who is connected with the smbstatus command:
[root@rhel1 ~]# smbstatus
Samba version 3.5.6-86.el6
PID Username Group Machine
-------------------------------------------------------------------
12296 user1 user1 rhel2 (::ffff:192.168.2.3)
Service pid machine Connected at
-------------------------------------------------------
user1 12296 rhel2 Sat Mar 29 16:16:12 2014
No locked files
To mount the share we can do the following:
[root@rhel2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/cifs
[root@rhel2 ~]# mount -t cifs //rhel1/user1 /mnt/cifs -o username=user1
Password:
[root@rhel2 cifs]# mount | grep cifs
//rhel1/user1 on /mnt/cifs type cifs (rw,mand)
We can then make sure we can write a file
[root@rhel2 ~]# cd /mnt/cifs/
[root@rhel2 cifs]# ls -l
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 8 2013 foo.txt
-rwxr--r-- 1 user1 user1 29914 Mar 29 16:18 install.log
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 0 Mar 29 16:23 l
[root@rhel2 cifs]# touch test
[root@rhel2 cifs]# ls -l
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 8 2013 foo.txt
-rwxr--r-- 1 user1 user1 29914 Mar 29 16:18 install.log
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 0 Mar 29 16:23 l
-rw-r--r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Mar 29 16:23 test
Samba and SELinux
From Managing Confined Services:
When SELinux is enabled, the Samba server (smbd) runs confined by default. Confined services run in their own domains, and are separated from other confined services.
Files must be labeled correctly to allow smbd to access and share them. For example, smbd can read and write to files labeled with the samba_share_t type, but by default, cannot access files labeled with the httpd_sys_content_t type, which is intended for use by the Apache HTTP Server. Booleans must be enabled to allow certain behavior, such as allowing home directories and NFS volumes to be exported through Samba, as well as to allow Samba to act as a domain controller.
Samba SELinux Types
From the same guide:
Label files with the samba_share_t type to allow Samba to share them. Only label files you have created, and do not relabel system files with the samba_share_t type: Booleans can be enabled to share such files and directories. SELinux allows Samba to write to files labeled with the samba_share_t type, as long as /etc/samba/smb.conf and Linux permissions are set accordingly.
The samba_etc_t type is used on certain files in /etc/samba/, such as smb.conf. Do not manually label files with the samba_etc_t type. If files in /etc/samba/ are not labeled correctly, run the restorecon -R -v /etc/samba command as the root user to restore such files to their default contexts. If /etc/samba/smb.conf is not labeled with the samba_etc_t type, the service smb start command may fail and an SELinux denial may be logged.
Samba SELinux Booleans
From the above guide:
SELinux is based on the least level of access required for a service to run. Services can be run in a variety of ways; therefore, you need to specify how you run your services. > Use the following Booleans to set up SELinux:
- allow_smbd_anon_write - Having this Boolean enabled allows smbd to write to a public directory, such as an area reserved for common files that otherwise has no special access restrictions.
- samba_create_home_dirs - Having this Boolean enabled allows Samba to create new home directories independently. This is often done by mechanisms such as PAM.
- samba_domain_controller - When enabled, this Boolean allows Samba to act as a domain controller, as well as giving it permission to execute related commands such as useradd, groupadd and passwd.
- samba_enable_home_dirs - Enabling this Boolean allows Samba to share users’ home directories.
- samba_export_all_ro - Export any file or directory, allowing read-only permissions. This allows files and directories that are not labeled with the samba_share_t type to be shared through Samba. When the samba_export_all_ro Boolean is on, but the samba_export_all_rw Boolean is off, write access to Samba shares is denied, even if write access is configured in /etc/samba/smb.conf, as well as Linux permissions allowing write access.
- samba_export_all_rw - Export any file or directory, allowing read and write permissions. This allows files and directories that are not labeled with the samba_share_t type to be exported through Samba. Permissions in /etc/samba/smb.conf and Linux permissions must be configured to allow write access.
- samba_run_unconfined - Having this Boolean enabled allows Samba to run unconfined scripts in the /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory.
- samba_share_fusefs - This Boolean must be enabled for Samba to share fusefs file systems.
- samba_share_nfs - Disabling this Boolean prevents smbd from having full access to NFS shares via Samba. Enabling this Boolean will allow Samba to share NFS volumes.
- use_samba_home_dirs - Enable this Boolean to use a remote server for Samba home directories.
- virt_use_samba Allow virtual machine access to CIFS files.
Samba Share Example with SELinux
From the Managing Confined Services Guide:
The following example creates a new directory, and shares that directory through Samba:
- Run the rpm -q samba samba-common samba-client command to confirm the samba, samba-common, and samba-client packages are installed. If any of these packages are not installed, install them by running the yum install package-name command as the root user.
- Run the mkdir /myshare command as the root user to create a new top-level directory to share files through Samba.
- Run the touch /myshare/file1 command as the root user to create an empty file. This file is used later to verify the Samba share mounted correctly.
SELinux allows Samba to read and write to files labeled with the samba_share_t type, as long as /etc/samba/smb.conf and Linux permissions are set accordingly. Run the following command as the root user to add the label change to file-context configuration:
~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t "/myshare(/.*)?"Run the restorecon -R -v /myshare command as the root user to apply the label changes:
~]# restorecon -R -v /myshare restorecon reset /myshare context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0 restorecon reset /myshare/file1 context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf as the root user. Add the following to the bottom of this file to share the /myshare/ directory through Samba:
[myshare] comment = My share path = /myshare public = yes writeable = noA Samba account is required to mount a Samba file system. Run the smbpasswd -a username command as the root user to create a Samba account, where username is an existing Linux user. For example, smbpasswd -a testuser creates a Samba account for the Linux testuser user:
~]# smbpasswd -a testuser New SMB password: Enter a password Retype new SMB password: Enter the same password again Added user testuser.Running smbpasswd -a username, where username is the user name of a Linux account that does not exist on the system, causes a Cannot locate Unix account for ‘username’! error.
Run the service smb start command as the root user to start the Samba service:
~]# service smb start Starting SMB services: [ OK ]Run the smbclient -U username -L localhost command to list the available shares, where username is the Samba account added in step 7. When prompted for a password, enter the password assigned to the Samba account in step 7 (version numbers may differ):
~]$ smbclient -U username -L localhost Enter username's password: Domain=[HOSTNAME] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.0-0.41.el6] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- myshare Disk My share IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.4.0-0.41.el6) username Disk Home Directories Domain=[HOSTNAME] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.0-0.41.el6] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- -------Run the mkdir /test/ command as the root user to create a new directory. This directory will be used to mount the myshare Samba share.
Run the following command as the root user to mount the myshare Samba share to /test/, replacing username with the user name from step 7:
~]# mount //localhost/myshare /test/ -o user=usernameEnter the password for username, which was configured in step 7.
Run the ls /test/ command to view the file1 file created in step 3:
~]$ ls /test/ file1
So let’s try this out. Let’s share a directory other than our home directory. First let’s add a directory that we will share:
[root@rhel1 ~]# mkdir /share
[root@rhel1 ~]# chown user1 /share
Now let’s add that directory as a share into our /etc/samba/smb.conf file:
[share]
comment = My share
path = /share
browseable = yes
writeable = yes
valid users = user1
let’s make sure the configuration is okay:
[root@rhel1 ~]# testparm -s
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: rlimit_max (1024) below minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[share]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
[global]
workgroup = LOCAL
server string = Samba Server Version %v
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 50
cups options = raw
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
valid users = %S
read only = No
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = Yes
browseable = No
[share]
comment = My share
path = /share
read only = No
valid users = user1
Now let’s reload the service
[root@rhel1 ~]# service smb reload
Reloading smb.conf file: smbd
Now from the client let’s try to connect to that share:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient //RHEL1/share -U user1
Password:
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME
Looks like we are getting blocked. Now now let’s set the context for that directory:
[root@rhel1 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t "/share(/.*)?"
[root@rhel1 ~]# restorecon -R -v /share
restorecon reset /share context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0
Now let’s try it again:
[root@rhel2 ~]# smbclient //RHEL1/share -U user1
Password:
Domain=[RHEL1] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.6-86.el6]
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Sat Mar 29 16:54:19 2014
.. DR 0 Sat Mar 29 16:54:19 2014
34300 blocks of size 262144. 536 blocks available
smb: \> !ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog repo
smb: \> put anaconda-ks.cfg
putting file anaconda-ks.cfg as \anaconda-ks.cfg (159.7 kb/s) (average 159.7 kb/s)
That looks good. And here are my Samba SELinux booleans:
[root@rhel1 ~]# getsebool -a | grep -E 'smb|samba'
allow_smbd_anon_write --> off
samba_create_home_dirs --> off
samba_domain_controller --> off
samba_enable_home_dirs --> on
samba_export_all_ro --> off
samba_export_all_rw --> off
samba_run_unconfined --> off
samba_share_fusefs --> off
samba_share_nfs --> off
use_samba_home_dirs --> off
virt_use_samba --> off
Just for reference here is another pretty good guide: Integrating Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 with Active Directory